Quality Assurance of Commercial Dog Food in Terms of Proximate and Aflatoxins Analysis
Commercial Dog Food in Proximate and Aflatoxins Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/df.v6i3.175Keywords:
Dog Food, Proximate Analysis, Aflatoxins, ThreatAbstract
The domestication of the dog has been extensive and continues to grow, predominantly in terms of their dietary habits. Primarily, wild dogs depended exclusively on hunting for their food, but with the passage of time and domestication, they started consuming meals provided by humans. Objective: To evaluate the quality of dry dog food, focusing particularly on evaluating its aflatoxin contamination and proximate analysis comparable to established nutritional standards for dogs. Methods: This experimental research was conducted at the Food Department within the PCSIR Laboratories Complex in Lahore, Pakistan. The sample was chosen purposively to check the quality of pet dog food. The analysis included determining the moisture content, ash, crude fiber, and crude protein levels of the dog food using standardized methods. Results: The purchased dog food exhibited a protein content of 20.64 ± 0.40% and a calculated energy value of 376.50 ± 0.25 Kcal/100g. The results were evaluated against the nutrient benchmarks established by AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials). The minimum protein level in adult dog food, calculated on a dry matter basis, must be no less than 18% according to AAFCO guidelines. Conclusion: Conspicuously, the analysis depicted that aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) were not present in the dog food, confirming its safe consumption by dogs based on the aflatoxin assessment. So, it was revealed that according to nutritional and aflatoxin analysis of dog food obtained from the market, it was for the dog’s health.
References
Martínez-Martínez L, Valdivia-Flores AG, Guerrero-Barrera AL, Quezada-Tristán T, Rangel-Muñoz EJ, Ortiz-Martínez R. Toxic Effect of Aflatoxins in Dogs Fed Contaminated Commercial Dry Feed: A Review. Toxins. 2021 Jan; 13(1): 65. doi: 10.3390/toxins13010065.
Jacuńska W, Biel W, Zych K. Evaluation of the Nutritional Value of Insect-Based Complete Pet Foods. Applied Sciences. 2024 Nov; 14(22): 10258. doi: 10.3390/app142210258.
Kazimierska K, Biel W, Witkowicz R, Karakulska J, Stachurska X. Evaluation of Nutritional Value and Microbiological Safety in Commercial Dog Food. Veterinary Research Communications. 2021 Sep; 45(2): 111-28. doi: 10.1007/s11259-021-09791-6.
Signorini G, Biagi G, Nannipieri S, Marzotto G, Dilaghi D, Caggiati L. Regulation (EC) 767/2009: News Feed Generality. 2010.
Alvarenga IC, Ou Z, Thiele S, Alavi S, Aldrich CG. Effects of Milling Sorghum into Fractions on Yield, Nutrient Composition, and Their Performance in Extrusion of Dog Food. Journal of Cereal Science. 2018 Jul; 82: 121-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.05.013.
Meineri G, Peiretti PG, Tassone S, Candellone A, Longato E, Russo N et al. Nutritional Value of Extruded Dog Food with Mechanically Separated Chicken Meat or Meat By-Products. Preprints. 2019 Jan. doi: 10.20944/preprints201901.0189.v1.
Silva J, Pereira MN, Scussel VM. Ozone Gas Antifungal Effect on Extruded Dog Food Contaminated with Aspergillus Flavus. Ozone: Science and Engineering. 2018 Nov; 40(6): 487-93. doi: 10.1080/01919512.2018.1481361.
Gazzotti T, Biagi G, Pagliuca G, Pinna C, Scardilli M, Grandi M, Zaghini G. Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Extruded Commercial Dog Food. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2015 Apr; 202: 81-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.02.004.
Peito A and Venâncio A. An Overview of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Portugal. An Overview on Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Europe. 2004: 173-84. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2646-1_12.
Gyenfie JA. Determination and Analysis of Aflatoxins in Commercial Dog Foods on the Ghanaian Market (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Education Winneba). 2023.
ISO/IEC 17025. General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories. 2017.
AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis: 22nd Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2023.
Zahra N, Firdous S, Ejaz N, Hina S. Detection of Aflatoxins in Various Samples of Red Chilli: Aflatoxins in Red Chilli. Biological Sciences-Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2012 Oct; 55(1): 27-9. doi: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.55.1.2012.27.29.
Zahra N, Abidi SH, Saeed MK. Development and Quality Evaluation of Nutritious and Healthy Biscuits for Dogs. Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences. 2021 Jul; 5(3): 164-70. doi: 10.54692/lgujls.2021.0503174.
Case LP, Daristotle L, Hayek MG, Raasch MF. Canine and Feline Nutrition: A Resource for Companion Animal Professionals. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2010 May.
Rolinec M, Bíro D, Gálik B, Šimko M, Juráček M, Tvarožková K et al. The Nutritive Value of Selected Commercial Dry Dog Foods. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica. 2016 Mar; 19(1): 25-8. doi: 10.15414/afz.2016.19.01.25-28.
Píšová A, Gálik B, Juráček M, Bíro D, Šimko M, Rolinec M et al. Apparent in Vivo Nutrient Digestibility of Maize Silages in Horses. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 2016 Dec; 17(4). doi: 10.5513/JCEA01/17.4.1848.
Gimeno A. Aflatoxicosis en Humanos Provocada por el Consumo de Alimentos Contaminados, que no son de Origen Animal [Internet]. 2007.
Valladares-Carranza B, Felipe-Pérez YE, Sánchez-Torres JE, Caballero-Reyna M, Zaragozabastida A, Rivero-Pérez N, Velazquez-Ordoñez V et al. Aflatoxins Determination in Commercial Dog Food. Zootenicia Brasil. 2018.
Stenske KA, Smith JR, Newman SJ, Newman LB, Kirk CA. Aflatoxicosis in Dogs and Dealing with Suspected Contaminated Commercial Foods. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2006 Jun; 228(11): 1686-91. doi: 10.2460/javma.228.11.1686.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 DIET FACTOR (Journal of Nutritional and Food Sciences)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments